All species · Guide

How do I check my pet's teeth, eyes and ears?

Teeth and gums: gums should be pink, not red or pale; minimal tartar; no strong odour. Eyes: clear and bright, no discharge, cloudiness or squinting. Ears: clean, no strong smell, no head shaking or scratching. Check monthly, in good light, when your animal is calm.

Teeth: the most commonly missed

Dental disease is one of the most widespread conditions in pets and one of the most under-treated, largely because owners rarely look. Lift the lip and check the back teeth as well as the front — tartar accumulates there first.

Persistent bad breath is not normal. It usually signals periodontal disease rather than being a cosmetic quirk.

Pale, white or blue-tinged gums are an emergency. Red, swollen gums warrant a prompt appointment.

Eyes: what change looks like

Look for symmetry between the two, clarity, and absence of discharge. Cloudiness, a visible third eyelid, squinting, or pawing at the face all warrant a vet.

Sudden changes in the eye are generally more urgent than gradual ones — eyes deteriorate quickly and some conditions are sight-threatening within days.

Ears: smell before you look

A healthy ear has little odour. A yeasty or sour smell usually means infection, often before anything looks abnormal.

Head shaking, scratching, or dark waxy discharge are the common signs. Ear infections are painful and rarely resolve alone.

Do not insert anything into the ear canal. External inspection and smell are what you can safely assess at home.

Species differences worth knowing

Rabbits and guinea pigs have continuously growing teeth, and the molars causing most problems are not visible without veterinary examination — drooling and dropping food are your indicators.

Birds should be assessed by an avian vet; home examination is limited and handling stress carries real risk.

Check your own pet — freeSnap a few photos, get a wellness score in minutes

A wellness check, not a diagnosis — and never a replacement for your vet. If something seems wrong with your animal, see a veterinarian.

Common questions

What do healthy pet gums look like?

Pink and moist. Pale, white or blue gums are an emergency; red or swollen gums warrant a prompt vet appointment.

Is bad breath normal in dogs and cats?

No. Persistent bad breath usually indicates periodontal disease and is worth investigating.

How do I know if my pet has an ear infection?

A yeasty or sour smell, dark discharge, head shaking or scratching. Ear infections are painful and rarely resolve without treatment.